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Fifth force
Modern physics describes physical reality in terms of four known fundamental forces. However, since physics has no accepted universal framework, occasionally physicists have postulated the existence of an additional fundamental fifth force. Most postulate a force of roughly the strength of gravity (i.e. it is much weaker than electromagnetism or the nuclear forces) and to have a range of anywhere from less than a millimeter to cosmological scales.
==Experimental approaches==
The idea of an additional fundamental force is difficult to test, because gravity is such a weak force: the gravitational interaction between two objects is only significant when one has a great mass. Therefore, it takes very precise equipment to measure gravitational interactions between objects that are small compared to the Earth. Nonetheless, in the late 1980s a fifth force, operating on municipal scales (i.e. with a range of about 100 meters), was reported by researchers (Fischbach ''et al.'')〔Ephraim Fischbach, Daniel Sudarsky, Aaron Szafer, Carrick Talmadge, and S. H. Aronson, "Reanalysis of the Eötvös experiment", ''Physical Review Letters'' 56 3 (1986).〕 who were reanalyzing results of Loránd Eötvös from earlier in the century. The force was believed to be linked with hypercharge. Over a number of years, other experiments have failed to duplicate this result.〔University of Washington (Eöt-Wash group ), the leading group searching for a fifth force.〕
There are at least three kinds of searches that can be undertaken, which depend on the kind of force being considered, and its range.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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